2024-04-20 15:55:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
# Flask
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 介紹
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Flask 是一個使用 Python 語言開發的輕量級 Web 應用框架。近年來因為Python簡單易學的語法以及強大的生態系統，所以在Web開發領域也逐漸受到青睞。其中Flask的哲學是保持核心簡單但擴充性強，它只提供了路由、模板、靜態檔案等最基本的功能，其他大多數功能則是通過擴展提供，這樣可以讓我們按需求選擇。
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Flask強調概念明確、低耦合度和可擴充性。和Django等全能框架不同，
|
|
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 程式碼說明
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 首先先以Python切入
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Python
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 匯入會用到的庫
|
|
|
|
|
|
from flask import Flask
|
|
|
|
|
|
from flask import render_template
|
|
|
|
|
|
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
|
|
|
|
|
|
import threading
|
|
|
|
|
|
import requests, socket
|
|
|
|
|
|
import pymysql
|
|
|
|
|
|
# from flask_cors import CORS # 若有跨域需求再開，練習通常用不到
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 接著我這邊與網路上的寫法有些不同，我直接寫成物件導向的方式，實測下來沒太大問體
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 先設定多線呈方式，及設定好資料庫連線位置
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Website(threading.Thread):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self):
|
|
|
|
|
|
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.db = pymysql.connect(host='140.125.21.65', port=3307, user='VIP125', passwd='@VIPvip125', db='VIP125', charset='utf8')
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.app = Flask(__name__)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# CORS(self.app)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 路由設定
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 這邊統一教學，我設定成前後端分離的方式，將頁面與API做個區分，之後若是要單獨架設頁面或是API都可以直接修改
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
#前端顯示
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.app.add_url_rule('/', 'Index', self.Index)
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.app.add_url_rule('/next/<id>', 'Next', self.Next)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# API
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.app.add_url_rule('/api/get_data', 'get_data', self.get_data,methods=['get'])
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.app.add_url_rule('/api/get_one_data/<id>', 'get_one_data', self.get_one_data, methods=['get'])
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 前端頁面導向
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 這邊提供純頁面及需要攜帶部分參數的簡單方式
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 前端
|
|
|
|
|
|
def Index(self):
|
|
|
|
|
|
return render_template('Index.html')
|
|
|
|
|
|
def Next(self,id): # 攜帶參數
|
|
|
|
|
|
return render_template('Next.html',id = id)
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 後端資料
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 建議先看過一部份的資料庫語法後再來接觸
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 後端API
|
|
|
|
|
|
def get_data(self):
|
|
|
|
|
|
cursor = self.db.cursor()
|
|
|
|
|
|
sql = "select * from teaching_sql_1"
|
|
|
|
|
|
cursor.execute(sql)
|
|
|
|
|
|
data = cursor.fetchall()
|
|
|
|
|
|
print(f'ALL_data = {data}')
|
|
|
|
|
|
return jsonify(data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def get_one_data(self,id):
|
|
|
|
|
|
cursor = self.db.cursor()
|
|
|
|
|
|
sql = f"SELECT * FROM teaching_sql_1 WHERE student_id='{id}';"
|
|
|
|
|
|
print(sql)
|
|
|
|
|
|
cursor.execute(sql)
|
|
|
|
|
|
data = cursor.fetchall()
|
|
|
|
|
|
print(f'user_id = {data}')
|
|
|
|
|
|
return jsonify(data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 完整程式
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
from flask import Flask
|
|
|
|
|
|
from flask import render_template
|
|
|
|
|
|
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
|
|
|
|
|
|
import threading
|
|
|
|
|
|
import requests, socket
|
|
|
|
|
|
import pymysql
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# from flask_cors import CORS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Website(threading.Thread):
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self):
|
|
|
|
|
|
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.db = pymysql.connect(host='140.125.21.65', port=3307, user='VIP125', passwd='@VIPvip125', db='VIP125',
|
|
|
|
|
|
charset='utf8')
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.app = Flask(__name__)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# CORS(self.app)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#前端顯示
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.app.add_url_rule('/', 'Index', self.Index)
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.app.add_url_rule('/next/<id>', 'Next', self.Next)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# API
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.app.add_url_rule('/api/get_data', 'get_data', self.get_data,methods=['get'])
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.app.add_url_rule('/api/get_one_data/<id>', 'get_one_data', self.get_one_data, methods=['get'])
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def run(self):
|
|
|
|
|
|
#self.app.run()
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port="5500")
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 前端
|
|
|
|
|
|
def Index(self):
|
|
|
|
|
|
return render_template('Index.html')
|
|
|
|
|
|
def Next(self,id): # 攜帶參數
|
|
|
|
|
|
return render_template('Next.html',id = id)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 後端API
|
|
|
|
|
|
def get_data(self):
|
|
|
|
|
|
cursor = self.db.cursor()
|
|
|
|
|
|
sql = "select * from teaching_sql_1"
|
|
|
|
|
|
cursor.execute(sql)
|
|
|
|
|
|
data = cursor.fetchall()
|
|
|
|
|
|
print(f'ALL_data = {data}')
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 返回 JSON 响应
|
|
|
|
|
|
return jsonify(data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def get_one_data(self,id):
|
|
|
|
|
|
cursor = self.db.cursor()
|
|
|
|
|
|
sql = f"SELECT * FROM teaching_sql_1 WHERE student_id='{id}';"
|
|
|
|
|
|
print(sql)
|
|
|
|
|
|
cursor.execute(sql)
|
|
|
|
|
|
data = cursor.fetchall()
|
|
|
|
|
|
print(f'user_id = {data}')
|
|
|
|
|
|
return jsonify(data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
|
|
|
|
website = Website()
|
|
|
|
|
|
website.run()
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 前端(HTML)
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 這邊就以基礎的HTML與JS進行
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 有簡單的利用AJAX去撈資料、頁面跳轉
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Index.html
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<html lang="en">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<head>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<title>Flask HTML CSS Example</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/style.css') }}">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css') }}"/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/site.css') }}" asp-append-version="true"/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='js/script.js') }}"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='js/site.js') }}"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js') }}"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='lib/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js') }}" asp-append-version="true"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<body>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h1>Flask</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="size2">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hello World!
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input type="text" id="value_id" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
<button onclick="next_clicked()">下一頁</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<button onclick="get_data()">獲取資料</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</html>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
function next_clicked(){
|
|
|
|
|
|
var id = document.getElementById("value_id").value
|
|
|
|
|
|
window.location = "/next/" + id;
|
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
function get_data(){
|
|
|
|
|
|
$.ajax({
|
|
|
|
|
|
type: "GET",
|
|
|
|
|
|
url: "/api/get_data",
|
|
|
|
|
|
data: {},
|
|
|
|
|
|
contentType: "application/json",
|
|
|
|
|
|
success: function (Model) {
|
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(Model)
|
|
|
|
|
|
//set_data(Model)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Next.html
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<html lang="en">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<head>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<title>Title</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<body>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input id="value_id" value='{{ id }}' />
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<button onclick="Index_clicked()">首頁</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</html>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
function Index_clicked(){
|
|
|
|
|
|
window.location = "/";
|
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
