389 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
389 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# MCU簡易教學
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## MCU種類
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### MCU（Microcontroller Unit），中文名為「微控制器單元」、「單晶片微電腦」。MCU 將中央處理器（CPU）、記憶體（RAM）、輸入 / 輸出介面（I/O）等等一大堆東西，全部整合在「一塊 IC」 上面。可以負責做少量、簡單的資料運算與處理。
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### 實驗室常用的MCU有:
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Arduino
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ESP32
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Raspberry Pi Pico
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### ESP32
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### Raspberry Pi Pico
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### 編譯器-Arduino IDE
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Arduino與ESP32都可以透過Arduino IDE進行編譯
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強烈推薦使用Arduino IDE 版本1.8的
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有人使用2.X的版本，過一星期就回歸1.8….
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若是要書寫ESP32(https://hackmd.io/@Robert/Hk1rGMsU3)
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### 編譯器-Thonny IDE
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ESP32與Pi Pico都可以透過Thonny IDE進行編譯
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但編譯前須先燒錄相關韌體
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ESP32燒錄
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[參考網址](https://chtseng.wordpress.com/2023/01/14/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8thonnymicropython%E6%92%B0%E5%AF%ABesp32-cam%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F/)
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目前ESP32執行效率比 Pi Pico高，之後以ESP32為教學
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### 選擇
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若以一般實驗室內部進行專案開發，根據需求選擇:
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若無網路需求，則以Arduino為主
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IOT的需求則建議使用ESP32
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控制馬達、接收資料、量測數據，這些基本的擇一使用即可
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!!!極度重要!!!
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在一般工廠使用，若訊號干擾很強的那種，一律走有線連接
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接下來會以控制馬達作為教學
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## MCU控制
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### 馬達接線圖
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### MCU控制(WEB)
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#### ESP32寫micropython
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``` python
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import network
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import ure
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import usocket as socket
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import gc
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import machine
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import time
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import utime
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from machine import Pin
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import uasyncio as asyncio
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import urequests
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import ujson
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led=Pin(2,Pin.OUT)
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out_1 = Pin(26,Pin.OUT)
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out_2 = Pin(27,Pin.OUT)
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wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
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# 連接WIFI
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def connect_to_wifi(ssid, password):
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# 固定 IP
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ip = '192.168.1.185'
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subnet = '255.255.255.0'
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gateway = '192.168.1.1'
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dns = '8.8.8.8'
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wlan.active(True)
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wlan.active(False)
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wlan.active(True)
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wlan.ifconfig((ip, subnet, gateway, dns)) # 設定參數
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wlan.connect(ssid, password)
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print('Starting to connect to WiFi')
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for i in range(20):
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print('Trying to connect to WiFi in {}s'.format(i))
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utime.sleep(1)
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if wlan.isconnected():
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break
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if wlan.isconnected():
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led.value(1)
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time.sleep(0.5)
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led.value(0)
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time.sleep(0.5)
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led.value(1)
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time.sleep(0.5)
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led.value(0)
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print('Connected to WiFi:', ssid)
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print('WiFi connection successful!')
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print('Network configuration:', wlan.ifconfig())
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# 馬達一圈
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def motor_run(request):
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for i in range(0,200):
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out_2.value(1)
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time.sleep(0.01)
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out_2.value(0)
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time.sleep(0.01)
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return "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"+"motor run end"
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# 馬達1/10圈
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def motor_36_run(request):
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for i in range(0,20):
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out_2.value(1)
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time.sleep(0.01)
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out_2.value(0)
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time.sleep(0.01)
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return "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"+"motor run end"
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# 錯誤請求
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def handleNotFound(request):
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return "HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"+"Page not found"
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# 主函数
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def main():
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wifi_ssid ="leo"
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wifi_password="00000000"
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# 連接WIFI
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connect_to_wifi(wifi_ssid, wifi_password)
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# 創建網頁API
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server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
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server_socket.bind(('0.0.0.0', 8080))
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server_socket.listen(1)
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print("Server is listening on port 80...")
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out_1.value(0)
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while True:
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# 斷線重連
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if not wlan.isconnected():
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print('again')
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connect_to_wifi(wifi_ssid, wifi_password)
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client_socket, client_addr = server_socket.accept()
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print("Received connection from:", client_addr)
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request_data = client_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
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if request_data:
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if "GET /motor_run" in request_data:
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response_data = motor_run(request_data)
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elif "GET /motor_36_run" in request_data:
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response_data = motor_36_run(request_data)
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else:
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response_data = handleNotFound(request_data)
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client_socket.send(response_data.encode('utf-8'))
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client_socket.close()
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# 運行主程式
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main()
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```
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#### ESP32寫Arduino(WEB)
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``` C
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#include <Wire.h>
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#include <WiFi.h>
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#include <WebServer.h>
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#include <WiFiClient.h>
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#include <HTTPClient.h>
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int out_1_pin = 26;
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int out_2_pin = 27;
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const char *ssid = "leo"; // Put your SSID here
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const char *password = "00000000";
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unsigned long previousMillis =0;
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unsigned long interval = 30000;
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WebServer server(80);
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//WiFi連線
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void WifiConnecte() {
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//Set your Static IP address
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IPAddress local_IP(192, 168,1 , 185);
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// Set your Gateway IP address
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IPAddress gateway(192, 168, 1, 1);
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IPAddress subnet(255, 255, 255, 0);
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if (!WiFi.config(local_IP, gateway, subnet)) {
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Serial.println("STA Failed to configure");
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}
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//開始WiFi連線
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WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
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while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
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delay(500);
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Serial.print(".");
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}
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Serial.println("WiFi連線成功");
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Serial.print("IP Address:");
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Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
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}
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void handleNotFound() {
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//digitalWrite(LED,LOW);//LED
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String message = "Server is running!\n\n";
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//server.send(200, "text/plain", message);
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}
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//Web_chaek
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void web_check(void){
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WiFiClient client = server.client();
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String response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n";
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response += "Content-Type: multipart/x-mixed-replace; boundary=frame\r\n\r\n";
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server.sendContent(response);
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}
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void motor_run(){
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digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向
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for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
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digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
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delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
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digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
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delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
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}
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WiFiClient client = server.client();
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server.send(200, "text/plain","run end");
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}
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void motor_36_run(){
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digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向
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for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
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digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
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delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
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digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
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delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
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}
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WiFiClient client = server.client();
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server.send(200, "text/plain","run end");
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}
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void setup() {
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// put your setup code here, to run once:
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pinMode(out_1_pin, OUTPUT);
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pinMode(out_2_pin, OUTPUT);
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Serial.begin(115200);
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Serial.println("Hello!");
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WifiConnecte();
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server.on("/motor_run",HTTP_GET,motor_run);
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server.on("/motor_36_run",HTTP_GET,motor_36_run);
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server.on("/web_check",HTTP_GET,web_check);
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server.onNotFound(handleNotFound);
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server.begin();
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}
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void loop() {
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// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
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unsigned long currentMills = millis();
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if ((WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)&& (currentMills - previousMillis >= interval)) {
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Serial.print(millis());
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Serial.print("wifi正在連線中... ");
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WiFi.disconnect();//断开连接
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WiFi.reconnect();
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WifiConnecte();
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}
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server.handleClient();
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}
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```
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#### ESP32(COM)
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```C
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int out_1_pin = 26;
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int out_2_pin = 27;
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bool LEDState = HIGH;
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void setup() {
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// initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
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Serial.begin(115200);
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pinMode(out_1_pin, OUTPUT);
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pinMode(out_2_pin, OUTPUT);
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}
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void motor_run(){
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digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向
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for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
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digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
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delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
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digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
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delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
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}
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}
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void motor_36_run(){
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digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向
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for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
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digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
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delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
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digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
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delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
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}
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}
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// the loop function runs over and over again forever
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void loop() {
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if (Serial.available() > 0) { // 检查是否有可用的串行数据
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char receivedData[64]; // 用于存储接收到的数据
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int dataSize = Serial.readBytesUntil('\n', receivedData, sizeof(receivedData)); // 读取串行数据直到遇到换行符为止
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receivedData[dataSize] = '\0'; // 添加字符串结束符
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Serial.print("Received: "); // 打印接收到的消息
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Serial.println(receivedData); // 打印接收到的数据
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if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_all") == 0) {
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motor_run();
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Serial.println("run_all"); // 打印接收到的数据
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}
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if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_36") == 0) {
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motor_36_run();
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Serial.println("run_36"); // 打印接收到的数据
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}
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}
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delay(10);
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}
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```
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#### Arduino(COM)
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```C
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bool LEDState = HIGH;
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void setup() {
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// initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
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Serial.begin(115200);
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pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
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pinMode(12, OUTPUT);
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digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
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}
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void motor_run(){
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digitalWrite(12, LOW); // 方向
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for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
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digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
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delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
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digitalWrite(13, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
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delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
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}
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}
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void motor_36_run(){
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digitalWrite(12, LOW); // 方向
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for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
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digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
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delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
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digitalWrite(13, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
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delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
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}
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}
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// the loop function runs over and over again forever
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void loop() {
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if (Serial.available() > 0) { // 检查是否有可用的串行数据
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char receivedData[64]; // 用于存储接收到的数据
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int dataSize = Serial.readBytesUntil('\n', receivedData, sizeof(receivedData)); // 读取串行数据直到遇到换行符为止
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receivedData[dataSize] = '\0'; // 添加字符串结束符
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Serial.print("Received: "); // 打印接收到的消息
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Serial.println(receivedData); // 打印接收到的数据
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if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_all") == 0) {
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motor_run();
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Serial.println("run_all"); // 打印接收到的数据
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}
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if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_36") == 0) {
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motor_36_run();
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Serial.println("run_36"); // 打印接收到的数据
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}
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}
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delay(10);
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}
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```
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### 影片如下
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http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/branch/master/PPT/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%942.mp4
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