# MCU簡易教學
## MCU種類
### MCU（Microcontroller Unit），中文名為「微控制器單元」、「單晶片微電腦」。MCU 將中央處理器（CPU）、記憶體（RAM）、輸入 / 輸出介面（I/O）等等一大堆東西，全部整合在「一塊 IC」 上面。可以負責做少量、簡單的資料運算與處理。
### 實驗室常用的MCU有:
     Arduino
     ESP32
     Raspberry Pi Pico
### ESP32
![img1](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/commit/5b171491cfe9d8b4d594d30162d0a92fd432c6d6/PPT/img1.png)

![img2](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/commit/5b171491cfe9d8b4d594d30162d0a92fd432c6d6/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%872.png)

### Raspberry Pi Pico
![img1](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/commit/5b171491cfe9d8b4d594d30162d0a92fd432c6d6/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%873.png)

![img2](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/commit/5b171491cfe9d8b4d594d30162d0a92fd432c6d6/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%874.jpg)

### 編譯器-Arduino IDE
     Arduino與ESP32都可以透過Arduino IDE進行編譯
     強烈推薦使用Arduino IDE 版本1.8的
     有人使用2.X的版本，過一星期就回歸1.8….
     若是要書寫ESP32(https://hackmd.io/@Robert/Hk1rGMsU3)
 ![img1](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/commit/5b171491cfe9d8b4d594d30162d0a92fd432c6d6/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%875.png)

### 編譯器-Thonny IDE
	ESP32與Pi Pico都可以透過Thonny IDE進行編譯
    但編譯前須先燒錄相關韌體
    ESP32燒錄
    [參考網址](https://chtseng.wordpress.com/2023/01/14/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8thonnymicropython%E6%92%B0%E5%AF%ABesp32-cam%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F/)
    目前ESP32執行效率比 Pi Pico高，之後以ESP32為教學

![img1](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/branch/master/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%878.png)


### 選擇
	若以一般實驗室內部進行專案開發，根據需求選擇:
    	若無網路需求，則以Arduino為主
    	IOT的需求則建議使用ESP32
    	控制馬達、接收資料、量測數據，這些基本的擇一使用即可
    !!!極度重要!!!
    	在一般工廠使用，若訊號干擾很強的那種，一律走有線連接
    接下來會以控制馬達作為教學
## MCU控制

### 馬達接線圖
![](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/branch/master/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%876.png)
![](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/branch/master/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%877.png)

### MCU控制(WEB)
#### ESP32寫micropython
``` python
import network
import ure
import usocket as socket
import gc
import machine
import time
import utime
from machine import Pin
import uasyncio as asyncio
import urequests
import ujson


led=Pin(2,Pin.OUT)
out_1 = Pin(26,Pin.OUT)
out_2 = Pin(27,Pin.OUT)
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
# 連接WIFI
def connect_to_wifi(ssid, password):
    # 固定 IP 
    ip = '192.168.1.185' 
    subnet = '255.255.255.0'
    gateway = '192.168.1.1'
    dns = '8.8.8.8'
    wlan.active(True)
    wlan.active(False)
    wlan.active(True)
    wlan.ifconfig((ip, subnet, gateway, dns)) # 設定參數
    wlan.connect(ssid, password)
    print('Starting to connect to WiFi')
    for i in range(20):
        print('Trying to connect to WiFi in {}s'.format(i))
        utime.sleep(1)
        if wlan.isconnected():
            break       

    if wlan.isconnected():
        led.value(1)
        time.sleep(0.5)
        led.value(0)
        time.sleep(0.5)
        led.value(1)
        time.sleep(0.5)
        led.value(0)
        print('Connected to WiFi:', ssid)
        print('WiFi connection successful!')
        print('Network configuration:', wlan.ifconfig())


# 馬達一圈
def motor_run(request):
    for i in range(0,200):
        out_2.value(1)
        time.sleep(0.01)
        out_2.value(0)
        time.sleep(0.01)
    return "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"+"motor run end"
# 馬達1/10圈
def motor_36_run(request):
    for i in range(0,20):
        out_2.value(1)
        time.sleep(0.01)
        out_2.value(0)
        time.sleep(0.01)
    return "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"+"motor run end"

# 錯誤請求
def handleNotFound(request):
    return "HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"+"Page not found"

# 主函数
def main():
    wifi_ssid ="leo"
    wifi_password="00000000"
    # 連接WIFI
    connect_to_wifi(wifi_ssid, wifi_password)
    
    # 創建網頁API
    server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    server_socket.bind(('0.0.0.0', 8080))
    server_socket.listen(1)
    print("Server is listening on port 80...")
    
    
    out_1.value(0)


    
    while True:
        # 斷線重連
        if not  wlan.isconnected():
            print('again')
            connect_to_wifi(wifi_ssid, wifi_password)
        
        
        
        client_socket, client_addr = server_socket.accept()
        print("Received connection from:", client_addr)
        request_data = client_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
        if request_data:
            if "GET /motor_run" in request_data:
                response_data = motor_run(request_data)
            elif "GET /motor_36_run" in request_data:
                response_data = motor_36_run(request_data)
            else:
                response_data = handleNotFound(request_data)
            client_socket.send(response_data.encode('utf-8'))
        client_socket.close()
        
        
        
        


# 運行主程式
main()

```
#### ESP32寫Arduino(WEB)
``` C
#include <Wire.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WebServer.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <HTTPClient.h>

int out_1_pin = 26;
int out_2_pin = 27;

const char *ssid = "leo";        // Put your SSID here
const char *password = "00000000";
unsigned long previousMillis =0;
unsigned long interval = 30000;

WebServer server(80);

//WiFi連線
void WifiConnecte() {
   //Set your Static IP address
  IPAddress local_IP(192, 168,1 , 185);
 // Set your Gateway IP address
  IPAddress gateway(192, 168, 1, 1);
  IPAddress subnet(255, 255, 255, 0);

  if (!WiFi.config(local_IP, gateway, subnet)) {
   Serial.println("STA Failed to configure");
  }
  //開始WiFi連線
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println("WiFi連線成功");
  Serial.print("IP Address:");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
  
}
void handleNotFound() {
  //digitalWrite(LED,LOW);//LED
  String message = "Server is running!\n\n";
  //server.send(200, "text/plain", message);
}

//Web_chaek
void web_check(void){
  WiFiClient client = server.client();
  String response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n";
  response += "Content-Type: multipart/x-mixed-replace; boundary=frame\r\n\r\n";
  server.sendContent(response);
}

void motor_run(){
    digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向
    for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
      digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
      delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
      digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
      delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
    }
    WiFiClient client = server.client();
    server.send(200, "text/plain","run end");
  }
 
void motor_36_run(){
    digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向
    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
      digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
      delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
      digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
      delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
    }
    WiFiClient client = server.client();
    server.send(200, "text/plain","run end");
  }
void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  pinMode(out_1_pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(out_2_pin, OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("Hello!");
  WifiConnecte();
  server.on("/motor_run",HTTP_GET,motor_run);
  server.on("/motor_36_run",HTTP_GET,motor_36_run);
  server.on("/web_check",HTTP_GET,web_check);
  server.onNotFound(handleNotFound);
  server.begin();

}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
  unsigned long currentMills = millis();
  if ((WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)&& (currentMills - previousMillis >= interval)) {
    Serial.print(millis());
    Serial.print("wifi正在連線中... ");
    WiFi.disconnect();//断开连接
    WiFi.reconnect();
    WifiConnecte();
  }
  server.handleClient();

}

```
#### ESP32(COM)
```C
int out_1_pin = 26;
int out_2_pin = 27;

bool LEDState = HIGH;
void setup() {
  // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(out_1_pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(out_2_pin, OUTPUT);

}


void motor_run(){
    digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向
    for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
      digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
      delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
      digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
      delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
    }
  }
void motor_36_run(){
    digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向
    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
      digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
      delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
      digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
      delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
    }

  }
// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
    if (Serial.available() > 0) { // 检查是否有可用的串行数据
        char receivedData[64]; // 用于存储接收到的数据
        int dataSize = Serial.readBytesUntil('\n', receivedData, sizeof(receivedData)); // 读取串行数据直到遇到换行符为止
        receivedData[dataSize] = '\0'; // 添加字符串结束符
        Serial.print("Received: "); // 打印接收到的消息
        Serial.println(receivedData); // 打印接收到的数据
        if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_all") == 0) {
          motor_run();
          Serial.println("run_all"); // 打印接收到的数据
        }
        if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_36") == 0) {
          motor_36_run();
          Serial.println("run_36"); // 打印接收到的数据
        }
    }
    delay(10);
}

```

#### Arduino(COM)
```C


bool LEDState = HIGH;
void setup() {
  // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(12, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(12, HIGH); 
}


void motor_run(){
    digitalWrite(12, LOW); // 方向
    for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
      digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
      delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
      digitalWrite(13, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
      delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
    }
  }
void motor_36_run(){
    digitalWrite(12, LOW); // 方向
    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
      digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
      delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
      digitalWrite(13, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
      delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
    }

  }
// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
    if (Serial.available() > 0) { // 检查是否有可用的串行数据
        char receivedData[64]; // 用于存储接收到的数据
        int dataSize = Serial.readBytesUntil('\n', receivedData, sizeof(receivedData)); // 读取串行数据直到遇到换行符为止
        receivedData[dataSize] = '\0'; // 添加字符串结束符
        Serial.print("Received: "); // 打印接收到的消息
        Serial.println(receivedData); // 打印接收到的数据
        if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_all") == 0) {
          motor_run();
          Serial.println("run_all"); // 打印接收到的数据
        }
        if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_36") == 0) {
          motor_36_run();
          Serial.println("run_36"); // 打印接收到的数据
        }
    }
    delay(10);
}

```
### 影片如下
http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/branch/master/PPT/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%942.mp4