From 6e73a790e898a6da8044b70f082f9b3313061202 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: leo Date: Fri, 19 Apr 2024 18:15:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B8=8A=E5=82=B3=E6=AA=94=E6=A1=88=E5=88=B0?= =?UTF-8?q?=E3=80=8C/=E3=80=8D?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- README.md | 388 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 388 insertions(+) create mode 100644 README.md diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ecf53cb --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,388 @@ +# MCU簡易教學 +## MCU種類 +### MCU（Microcontroller Unit），中文名為「微控制器單元」、「單晶片微電腦」。MCU 將中央處理器（CPU）、記憶體（RAM）、輸入 / 輸出介面（I/O）等等一大堆東西，全部整合在「一塊 IC」 上面。可以負責做少量、簡單的資料運算與處理。 +### 實驗室常用的MCU有: + Arduino + ESP32 + Raspberry Pi Pico +### ESP32 +![img1](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/commit/5b171491cfe9d8b4d594d30162d0a92fd432c6d6/PPT/img1.png) + +![img2](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/commit/5b171491cfe9d8b4d594d30162d0a92fd432c6d6/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%872.png) + +### Raspberry Pi Pico +![img1](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/commit/5b171491cfe9d8b4d594d30162d0a92fd432c6d6/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%873.png) + +![img2](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/commit/5b171491cfe9d8b4d594d30162d0a92fd432c6d6/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%874.jpg) + +### 編譯器-Arduino IDE + Arduino與ESP32都可以透過Arduino IDE進行編譯 + 強烈推薦使用Arduino IDE 版本1.8的 + 有人使用2.X的版本，過一星期就回歸1.8…. + 若是要書寫ESP32(https://hackmd.io/@Robert/Hk1rGMsU3) + ![img1](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/commit/5b171491cfe9d8b4d594d30162d0a92fd432c6d6/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%875.png) + +### 編譯器-Thonny IDE + ESP32與Pi Pico都可以透過Thonny IDE進行編譯 + 但編譯前須先燒錄相關韌體 + ESP32燒錄 + [參考網址](https://chtseng.wordpress.com/2023/01/14/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8thonnymicropython%E6%92%B0%E5%AF%ABesp32-cam%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F/) + 目前ESP32執行效率比 Pi Pico高，之後以ESP32為教學 + +![img1](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/branch/master/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%878.png) + + +### 選擇 + 若以一般實驗室內部進行專案開發，根據需求選擇: + 若無網路需求，則以Arduino為主 + IOT的需求則建議使用ESP32 + 控制馬達、接收資料、量測數據，這些基本的擇一使用即可 + !!!極度重要!!! + 在一般工廠使用，若訊號干擾很強的那種，一律走有線連接 + 接下來會以控制馬達作為教學 +## MCU控制 + +### 馬達接線圖 +![](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/branch/master/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%876.png) +![](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/branch/master/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%877.png) + +### MCU控制(WEB) +#### ESP32寫micropython +``` +import network +import ure +import usocket as socket +import gc +import machine +import time +import utime +from machine import Pin +import uasyncio as asyncio +import urequests +import ujson + + +led=Pin(2,Pin.OUT) +out_1 = Pin(26,Pin.OUT) +out_2 = Pin(27,Pin.OUT) +wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) +# 連接WIFI +def connect_to_wifi(ssid, password): + # 固定 IP + ip = '192.168.1.185' + subnet = '255.255.255.0' + gateway = '192.168.1.1' + dns = '8.8.8.8' + wlan.active(True) + wlan.active(False) + wlan.active(True) + wlan.ifconfig((ip, subnet, gateway, dns)) # 設定參數 + wlan.connect(ssid, password) + print('Starting to connect to WiFi') + for i in range(20): + print('Trying to connect to WiFi in {}s'.format(i)) + utime.sleep(1) + if wlan.isconnected(): + break + + if wlan.isconnected(): + led.value(1) + time.sleep(0.5) + led.value(0) + time.sleep(0.5) + led.value(1) + time.sleep(0.5) + led.value(0) + print('Connected to WiFi:', ssid) + print('WiFi connection successful!') + print('Network configuration:', wlan.ifconfig()) + + +# 馬達一圈 +def motor_run(request): + for i in range(0,200): + out_2.value(1) + time.sleep(0.01) + out_2.value(0) + time.sleep(0.01) + return "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"+"motor run end" +# 馬達1/10圈 +def motor_36_run(request): + for i in range(0,20): + out_2.value(1) + time.sleep(0.01) + out_2.value(0) + time.sleep(0.01) + return "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"+"motor run end" + +# 錯誤請求 +def handleNotFound(request): + return "HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"+"Page not found" + +# 主函数 +def main(): + wifi_ssid ="leo" + wifi_password="00000000" + # 連接WIFI + connect_to_wifi(wifi_ssid, wifi_password) + + # 創建網頁API + server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) + server_socket.bind(('0.0.0.0', 8080)) + server_socket.listen(1) + print("Server is listening on port 80...") + + + out_1.value(0) + + + + while True: + # 斷線重連 + if not wlan.isconnected(): + print('again') + connect_to_wifi(wifi_ssid, wifi_password) + + + + client_socket, client_addr = server_socket.accept() + print("Received connection from:", client_addr) + request_data = client_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8') + if request_data: + if "GET /motor_run" in request_data: + response_data = motor_run(request_data) + elif "GET /motor_36_run" in request_data: + response_data = motor_36_run(request_data) + else: + response_data = handleNotFound(request_data) + client_socket.send(response_data.encode('utf-8')) + client_socket.close() + + + + + + +# 運行主程式 +main() + +``` +#### ESP32寫Arduino(WEB) +``` +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +int out_1_pin = 26; +int out_2_pin = 27; + +const char *ssid = "leo"; // Put your SSID here +const char *password = "00000000"; +unsigned long previousMillis =0; +unsigned long interval = 30000; + +WebServer server(80); + +//WiFi連線 +void WifiConnecte() { + //Set your Static IP address + IPAddress local_IP(192, 168,1 , 185); + // Set your Gateway IP address + IPAddress gateway(192, 168, 1, 1); + IPAddress subnet(255, 255, 255, 0); + + if (!WiFi.config(local_IP, gateway, subnet)) { + Serial.println("STA Failed to configure"); + } + //開始WiFi連線 + WiFi.begin(ssid, password); + while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { + delay(500); + Serial.print("."); + } + Serial.println("WiFi連線成功"); + Serial.print("IP Address:"); + Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); + +} +void handleNotFound() { + //digitalWrite(LED,LOW);//LED + String message = "Server is running!\n\n"; + //server.send(200, "text/plain", message); +} + +//Web_chaek +void web_check(void){ + WiFiClient client = server.client(); + String response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"; + response += "Content-Type: multipart/x-mixed-replace; boundary=frame\r\n\r\n"; + server.sendContent(response); +} + +void motor_run(){ + digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向 + for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) { + digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平 + delay(10); // 等待10毫秒 + digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平 + delay(10); // 等待10毫秒 + } + WiFiClient client = server.client(); + server.send(200, "text/plain","run end"); + } + +void motor_36_run(){ + digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向 + for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { + digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平 + delay(10); // 等待10毫秒 + digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平 + delay(10); // 等待10毫秒 + } + WiFiClient client = server.client(); + server.send(200, "text/plain","run end"); + } +void setup() { + // put your setup code here, to run once: + pinMode(out_1_pin, OUTPUT); + pinMode(out_2_pin, OUTPUT); + Serial.begin(115200); + Serial.println("Hello!"); + WifiConnecte(); + server.on("/motor_run",HTTP_GET,motor_run); + server.on("/motor_36_run",HTTP_GET,motor_36_run); + server.on("/web_check",HTTP_GET,web_check); + server.onNotFound(handleNotFound); + server.begin(); + +} + +void loop() { + // put your main code here, to run repeatedly: + unsigned long currentMills = millis(); + if ((WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)&& (currentMills - previousMillis >= interval)) { + Serial.print(millis()); + Serial.print("wifi正在連線中... "); + WiFi.disconnect();//断开连接 + WiFi.reconnect(); + WifiConnecte(); + } + server.handleClient(); + +} + +``` +#### ESP32(COM) +``` +int out_1_pin = 26; +int out_2_pin = 27; + +bool LEDState = HIGH; +void setup() { + // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output. + Serial.begin(115200); + pinMode(out_1_pin, OUTPUT); + pinMode(out_2_pin, OUTPUT); + +} + + +void motor_run(){ + digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向 + for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) { + digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平 + delay(10); // 等待10毫秒 + digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平 + delay(10); // 等待10毫秒 + } + } +void motor_36_run(){ + digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向 + for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { + digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平 + delay(10); // 等待10毫秒 + digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平 + delay(10); // 等待10毫秒 + } + + } +// the loop function runs over and over again forever +void loop() { + if (Serial.available() > 0) { // 检查是否有可用的串行数据 + char receivedData[64]; // 用于存储接收到的数据 + int dataSize = Serial.readBytesUntil('\n', receivedData, sizeof(receivedData)); // 读取串行数据直到遇到换行符为止 + receivedData[dataSize] = '\0'; // 添加字符串结束符 + Serial.print("Received: "); // 打印接收到的消息 + Serial.println(receivedData); // 打印接收到的数据 + if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_all") == 0) { + motor_run(); + Serial.println("run_all"); // 打印接收到的数据 + } + if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_36") == 0) { + motor_36_run(); + Serial.println("run_36"); // 打印接收到的数据 + } + } + delay(10); +} + +``` + +#### Arduino(COM) +``` + + +bool LEDState = HIGH; +void setup() { + // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output. + Serial.begin(115200); + pinMode(13, OUTPUT); + pinMode(12, OUTPUT); + digitalWrite(12, HIGH); +} + + +void motor_run(){ + digitalWrite(12, LOW); // 方向 + for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) { + digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平 + delay(10); // 等待10毫秒 + digitalWrite(13, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平 + delay(10); // 等待10毫秒 + } + } +void motor_36_run(){ + digitalWrite(12, LOW); // 方向 + for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { + digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平 + delay(10); // 等待10毫秒 + digitalWrite(13, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平 + delay(10); // 等待10毫秒 + } + + } +// the loop function runs over and over again forever +void loop() { + if (Serial.available() > 0) { // 检查是否有可用的串行数据 + char receivedData[64]; // 用于存储接收到的数据 + int dataSize = Serial.readBytesUntil('\n', receivedData, sizeof(receivedData)); // 读取串行数据直到遇到换行符为止 + receivedData[dataSize] = '\0'; // 添加字符串结束符 + Serial.print("Received: "); // 打印接收到的消息 + Serial.println(receivedData); // 打印接收到的数据 + if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_all") == 0) { + motor_run(); + Serial.println("run_all"); // 打印接收到的数据 + } + if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_36") == 0) { + motor_36_run(); + Serial.println("run_36"); // 打印接收到的数据 + } + } + delay(10); +} + +``` +### 影片如下 +http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/branch/master/PPT/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%942.mp4