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更新 README.md
2024-06-24 13:04:18 +08:00
# MCU簡易教學
## MCU種類
### MCU（Microcontroller Unit），中文名為「微控制器單元」、「單晶片微電腦」。MCU 將中央處理器（CPU）、記憶體（RAM）、輸入 / 輸出介面（I/O）等等一大堆東西，全部整合在「一塊 IC」 上面。可以負責做少量、簡單的資料運算與處理。
### 實驗室常用的MCU有:
Arduino
ESP32
Raspberry Pi Pico
### ESP32
![img1](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/commit/5b171491cfe9d8b4d594d30162d0a92fd432c6d6/PPT/img1.png)
![img2](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/commit/5b171491cfe9d8b4d594d30162d0a92fd432c6d6/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%872.png)
### Raspberry Pi Pico
![img1](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/commit/5b171491cfe9d8b4d594d30162d0a92fd432c6d6/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%873.png)
![img2](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/commit/5b171491cfe9d8b4d594d30162d0a92fd432c6d6/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%874.jpg)
### 編譯器-Arduino IDE
Arduino與ESP32都可以透過Arduino IDE進行編譯
強烈推薦使用Arduino IDE 版本1.8的
有人使用2.X的版本，過一星期就回歸1.8….
若是要書寫ESP32(https://hackmd.io/@Robert/Hk1rGMsU3)
![img1](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/commit/5b171491cfe9d8b4d594d30162d0a92fd432c6d6/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%875.png)
### 編譯器-Thonny IDE
ESP32與Pi Pico都可以透過Thonny IDE進行編譯
但編譯前須先燒錄相關韌體
ESP32燒錄
[參考網址](https://chtseng.wordpress.com/2023/01/14/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8thonnymicropython%E6%92%B0%E5%AF%ABesp32-cam%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F/)
目前ESP32執行效率比 Pi Pico高，之後以ESP32為教學
![img1](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/branch/master/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%878.png)
### 選擇
若以一般實驗室內部進行專案開發，根據需求選擇:
若無網路需求，則以Arduino為主
IOT的需求則建議使用ESP32
控制馬達、接收資料、量測數據，這些基本的擇一使用即可
!!!極度重要!!!
在一般工廠使用，若訊號干擾很強的那種，一律走有線連接
接下來會以控制馬達作為教學
## MCU控制
### 馬達接線圖
![](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/branch/master/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%876.png)
![](http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/branch/master/PPT/%E5%9C%96%E7%89%877.png)
### MCU控制(WEB)
#### ESP32寫micropython
``` python
import network
import ure
import usocket as socket
import gc
import machine
import time
import utime
from machine import Pin
import uasyncio as asyncio
import urequests
import ujson
led=Pin(2,Pin.OUT)
out_1 = Pin(26,Pin.OUT)
out_2 = Pin(27,Pin.OUT)
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
# 連接WIFI
def connect_to_wifi(ssid, password):
# 固定 IP
ip = '192.168.1.185'
subnet = '255.255.255.0'
gateway = '192.168.1.1'
dns = '8.8.8.8'
wlan.active(True)
wlan.active(False)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.ifconfig((ip, subnet, gateway, dns)) # 設定參數
wlan.connect(ssid, password)
print('Starting to connect to WiFi')
for i in range(20):
print('Trying to connect to WiFi in {}s'.format(i))
utime.sleep(1)
if wlan.isconnected():
break
if wlan.isconnected():
led.value(1)
time.sleep(0.5)
led.value(0)
time.sleep(0.5)
led.value(1)
time.sleep(0.5)
led.value(0)
print('Connected to WiFi:', ssid)
print('WiFi connection successful!')
print('Network configuration:', wlan.ifconfig())
# 馬達一圈
def motor_run(request):
for i in range(0,200):
out_2.value(1)
time.sleep(0.01)
out_2.value(0)
time.sleep(0.01)
return "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"+"motor run end"
# 馬達1/10圈
def motor_36_run(request):
for i in range(0,20):
out_2.value(1)
time.sleep(0.01)
out_2.value(0)
time.sleep(0.01)
return "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"+"motor run end"
# 錯誤請求
def handleNotFound(request):
return "HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"+"Page not found"
# 主函数
def main():
wifi_ssid ="leo"
wifi_password="00000000"
# 連接WIFI
connect_to_wifi(wifi_ssid, wifi_password)
# 創建網頁API
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.bind(('0.0.0.0', 8080))
server_socket.listen(1)
print("Server is listening on port 80...")
out_1.value(0)
while True:
# 斷線重連
if not wlan.isconnected():
print('again')
connect_to_wifi(wifi_ssid, wifi_password)
client_socket, client_addr = server_socket.accept()
print("Received connection from:", client_addr)
request_data = client_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
if request_data:
if "GET /motor_run" in request_data:
response_data = motor_run(request_data)
elif "GET /motor_36_run" in request_data:
response_data = motor_36_run(request_data)
else:
response_data = handleNotFound(request_data)
client_socket.send(response_data.encode('utf-8'))
client_socket.close()
# 運行主程式
main()
```
#### ESP32寫Arduino(WEB)
``` C
#include <Wire.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WebServer.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <HTTPClient.h>
int out_1_pin = 26;
int out_2_pin = 27;
const char *ssid = "leo"; // Put your SSID here
const char *password = "00000000";
unsigned long previousMillis =0;
unsigned long interval = 30000;
WebServer server(80);
//WiFi連線
void WifiConnecte() {
//Set your Static IP address
IPAddress local_IP(192, 168,1 , 185);
// Set your Gateway IP address
IPAddress gateway(192, 168, 1, 1);
IPAddress subnet(255, 255, 255, 0);
if (!WiFi.config(local_IP, gateway, subnet)) {
Serial.println("STA Failed to configure");
}
//開始WiFi連線
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("WiFi連線成功");
Serial.print("IP Address:");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}
void handleNotFound() {
//digitalWrite(LED,LOW);//LED
String message = "Server is running!\n\n";
//server.send(200, "text/plain", message);
}
//Web_chaek
void web_check(void){
WiFiClient client = server.client();
String response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n";
response += "Content-Type: multipart/x-mixed-replace; boundary=frame\r\n\r\n";
server.sendContent(response);
}
void motor_run(){
digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
}
WiFiClient client = server.client();
server.send(200, "text/plain","run end");
}
void motor_36_run(){
digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
}
WiFiClient client = server.client();
server.send(200, "text/plain","run end");
}
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(out_1_pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(out_2_pin, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("Hello!");
WifiConnecte();
server.on("/motor_run",HTTP_GET,motor_run);
server.on("/motor_36_run",HTTP_GET,motor_36_run);
server.on("/web_check",HTTP_GET,web_check);
server.onNotFound(handleNotFound);
server.begin();
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
unsigned long currentMills = millis();
if ((WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)&& (currentMills - previousMillis >= interval)) {
Serial.print(millis());
Serial.print("wifi正在連線中... ");
WiFi.disconnect();//断开连接
WiFi.reconnect();
WifiConnecte();
}
server.handleClient();
}
```
#### ESP32(COM)
```C
int out_1_pin = 26;
int out_2_pin = 27;
bool LEDState = HIGH;
void setup() {
// initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
Serial.begin(115200);
pinMode(out_1_pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(out_2_pin, OUTPUT);
}
void motor_run(){
digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
}
}
void motor_36_run(){
digitalWrite(out_1_pin, LOW); // 方向
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
digitalWrite(out_2_pin, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
digitalWrite(out_2_pin, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
}
}
// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
if (Serial.available() > 0) { // 检查是否有可用的串行数据
char receivedData[64]; // 用于存储接收到的数据
int dataSize = Serial.readBytesUntil('\n', receivedData, sizeof(receivedData)); // 读取串行数据直到遇到换行符为止
receivedData[dataSize] = '\0'; // 添加字符串结束符
Serial.print("Received: "); // 打印接收到的消息
Serial.println(receivedData); // 打印接收到的数据
if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_all") == 0) {
motor_run();
Serial.println("run_all"); // 打印接收到的数据
}
if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_36") == 0) {
motor_36_run();
Serial.println("run_36"); // 打印接收到的数据
}
}
delay(10);
}
```
#### Arduino(COM)
```C
bool LEDState = HIGH;
void setup() {
// initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
Serial.begin(115200);
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
pinMode(12, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
}
void motor_run(){
digitalWrite(12, LOW); // 方向
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
digitalWrite(13, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
}
}
void motor_36_run(){
digitalWrite(12, LOW); // 方向
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // 将引脚设置为高电平
delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
digitalWrite(13, LOW); // 将引脚设置为低电平
delay(10); // 等待10毫秒
}
}
// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
if (Serial.available() > 0) { // 检查是否有可用的串行数据
char receivedData[64]; // 用于存储接收到的数据
int dataSize = Serial.readBytesUntil('\n', receivedData, sizeof(receivedData)); // 读取串行数据直到遇到换行符为止
receivedData[dataSize] = '\0'; // 添加字符串结束符
Serial.print("Received: "); // 打印接收到的消息
Serial.println(receivedData); // 打印接收到的数据
if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_all") == 0) {
motor_run();
Serial.println("run_all"); // 打印接收到的数据
}
if(strcmp(receivedData, "move_36") == 0) {
motor_36_run();
Serial.println("run_36"); // 打印接收到的数据
}
}
delay(10);
}
```
### 影片如下
http://140.125.21.65:8418/Education/MCU/raw/branch/master/PPT/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%942.mp4
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